Assignment-1

PGPM 26 - Section 2, Group 4- EconSelfie


SECTION 2 - GROUP 4 Participants

FT262009 - Pothuri Venkata Durga Sai Eswar
FT262024 - M Harini
FT262032 - Aakash Sunil Tripathi
FT262053 - Balkaran Tiwary
FT262055 - Abin John
FT262074 - Vemula Sai Manvitha
FT265004 - Akash Kumar Sahu


  1. Rising Cake Prices During Christmas - Inelasticity

During the Christmas season, bakeries around the city experience a surge in demand for cakes,

especially fruitcakes and plum cakes. This demand spike typically causes prices to increase,

compared to non-seasonal months like October or February.


For example, a 500g plum cake that costs ₹350 in October may be priced at ₹500 in December.

  • Demand Shift: The festive season increases the demand for cakes, shifting the demand curve

  • rightward (D1 to D2).

  • Elasticity: Cakes during Christmas become price inelastic, since they’re considered essential for

celebrations. People are less sensitive to the price, so sellers can raise prices without major drops
in quantity sold.

Demand and supply curve to depict Inelasticity

During the Christmas season, the demand curve shifts rightward (outward) due to increased desire for cakes.
This causes both the equilibrium price and quantity to rise:

  • Price increases from ₹628 → ₹800

  • Quantity increases from 142 → 200 cakes

This demonstrates how higher seasonal demand leads to higher prices and more sale

References:

You have to shell out more for cakes, chocolates & more this Christmas - The Economic Times
Kolkata’s dear Christmas bakes set to be dearer on soaring flour & edible oil prices | Kolkata News

- Times of India

2. Packaged drinking water -  Effect of MRP

 

During summers, we usually see an uptick in the demand for packaged drinking water. It can be in the form of 1L bottles - 20L jars. In a free market this would cause competitors to jack up prices of regular water bottles as customers would be willing to pay more for the same bottle.


Key concepts: 

  • Incentives : No incentives for smaller players to enter markets as the Rs 20 price-point is

fairly reasonable and it is fixed.
  • Demand and Supply : There is an increased demand in the market, so we see a shift in the

demand curve. The manufacturers also ramp up production in these days and we also see a shift in
the supply curve 
  • Equilibrium : The equilibrium point only sees a  horizontal shift and no shift along the Y axis

as the price for packaged water bottle is capped at Rs 20 (MRP)
  • Supply and shortages: Even though the increase in demands helps manufacturers sell

more volume, the price cap eventually creates a shortage in the market by not allowing cheaper
options to come into the market, since the established players cannot increase the price.

Here we can see that the supply and demand curves both see a shift but the equilibrium point only

shifts rightwards due to MRP.


Sources:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/packaged-water-demand-surges-5-fold-this-summer/

articleshow/111150092.cms




3. An Analysis of MAC Lipstick as a Veblen Good


What is a Veblen Good?

A commodity for which demand increases as their price increases, largely due to their exclusive nature

and their role as status symbols. Consumers derive utility not just from the product itself,

but from the prestige and perceived social status associated with owning and displaying a luxury item.

Are MAC lipsticks worth the price?

To better understand the demand, let us go through is a comparison of major lipstick brands available

in India:

Brand

MAC

Maybelline

Lakmé

NYX

Nykaa

Price

Rs.2550-Rs.3150

Rs.500-Rs.800

Rs.700-Rs.800

Rs.700-Rs.1025

Rs.600-Rs.850

Category

Accessible Luxury

Mass Market

Mass Market (Premium)

Affordable Pro

Affordable

Veblen Good

Yes

No

No

No

No

This comparison gives evidence that a lipstick can be desirable when charged at a premium price.

 Conclusion:

Our exploration into the economics of MAC lipstick has revealed a compelling scenario.  While the

traditional law of demand dictates an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, Veblen

goods defy this principle, experiencing an increase in demand as their price rises. This paradoxical

behavior is driven by the desire for conspicuous consumption, where the product's high price itself becomes a key component of its value, signaling status,

exclusivity, and prestige to the consumer and their peers.

4. Admissions into PGPM Great Lakes Institute of Management


The Great Lakes, Chennai campus admits approximately 300 PGPM students on an average for an

academic year.  It is a very sought after program in the whole country, there is a huge competition

to get into the program. Despite a noticeable increase in demand from employers of different industries

and organisations , there has been little to no increase in the supply of potential graduates from the cohort. 


After factoring in the above scenario and shifting the demand curve we can clearly see the

new equilibrium point which is relatively moved upwards from where it was initially.

5. Air Conditioner “Price” and “Demand” increases during summer Season


During summer, demand for ACs increases, leading to price fluctuations. Manufacturers adjust supply, retailers offer incentives, and consumers

make purchasing decisions based on budget and necessity.

Key Economic Concepts: Demand & Supply, Elasticity, Opportunity Cost & Trade-offs

Incentives, Surplus/Shortage, Price Controls

Demand & Supply Curve During Summer (Price Increase Due to High Demand)

This graph shows how the demand curve shifts right during summer, leading to higher equilibrium prices.

6. Laundry Services - Inelasticity

Demand Factors:  

·   As household income increases, people start to value time more due to their busy lifestyle

and will start outsourcing laundry services for convenience.

·   During rainy season when people find it difficult to dry clothes at home.

Supply Factors:

·   Any increase in cost of washers, dryers, water, electricity , and detergents will affect the ability of

businesses to give services at current rates.

7. C-Type cable - Opportunity cost

Situation: Bought a C-C type cable that costed me Rs. 500 in the nearest market with no option to make any

choices however the same was available online with several options and cheaper prices.

   

Actual Price in a fair market:                                                                                                       



Concepts involved:

   Supply & Demand, Opportunity Cost, opportunity cost of not buying online was Rs 350 (the difference in price).

        I traded off lower cost for immediate availability.

  1. Trade-off Decision:

  • If I had waited for an online delivery, I would have saved money but risked inconvenience.


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